> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.allium.so/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Overview

> Account for validator rewards and performance on Ethereum Beacon Chain.

<Warning>
  **Schema Deprecation Notice**:

  The following models will be deprecated and removed in a future release:

  * beacon.validator.balances -> This will be replaced with beacon.raw\.balances\_daily
  * beacon.validator.balances\_latest -> This will be replaced with beacon.raw\.balances\_latest
  * beacon.validator.index -> This will be replaced with beacon.raw\.balances\_latest

  For timelines, column mappings, and migration examples, see **[Schema Changes](/historical-data/supported-blockchains/evm/beacon-chain/schema-changes)**.
</Warning>

The Beacon Chain introduced the consensus logic and block gossip protocol which now secures Ethereum. The Beacon Chain introduced [proof-of-stake](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pos/) to Ethereum.

This keeps Ethereum secure and earns validators more ETH in the process.

<Card href="https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/beacon-chain/">
  More about Beacon Chain
</Card>

## Beacon Chain Models:

Finalization on Beacon Chain takes 2 epoch. We currently fetch finalized slots and epochs to prevent potential reorgs.

### Raw Data

| Table Name                                    | Description                                                                         | Freshness    |
| --------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------ |
| beacon.raw\.blocks                            | Essential block-level data.                                                         | hourly       |
| beacon.raw\.withdrawals                       | Validator withdrawals data from Beacon Chain. Includes partial and full withdrawal. | hourly       |
| beacon.raw\.deposits                          | Deposits into the ETH staking, derived from beacon.raw\.blocks.                     | hourly       |
| beacon.raw\.attestations                      | Slot-level Attestation data, derived from beacon.raw\.blocks                        | hourly       |
| beacon.raw\.consolidations                    | Consolidations of validator balances post Pectra upgrade.                           | hourly       |
| beacon.raw\.block\_rewards                    | Slot-level rewards for blocks that were successfully proposed.                      | hourly       |
| beacon.raw\.sync\_committee\_rewards          | Slot-level rewards for selected validators participating in the sync committee.     | hourly       |
| beacon.raw\.total\_rewards                    | Epoch-level attestation rewards for active validators.                              | \~15 minutes |
| beacon.raw\.ideal\_rewards                    | Epoch-level ideal rewards from attestations for active validators.                  | \~15 minutes |
| beacon.raw\.validator\_duties                 | Validator duties data fetched by epoch.                                             | \~15 minutes |
| beacon.raw\.pending\_deposits                 | Beacon-chain pending deposist by epoch.                                             | \~15 minutes |
| beacon.raw\.pending\_consolidations\_enriched | Beacon-chain pending consolidations by epoch, enriched with validator entities.     | \~15 minutes |
| beacon.raw\.balances\_latest                  | Latest validator balances of all validators on the Beacon Chain.                    | Every Epoch  |
| beacon.raw\.balances\_daily\_est              | Daily validator balances of all validators on the Beacon Chain in EST timezone.     | daily        |
| beacon.raw\.balances\_daily                   | Daily validator balances of all validators on the Beacon Chain in UTC timezone.     | daily        |

## Validator data

| Table Name                                                                                                  | Description                                                                                                              | Freshness     |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------- |
| [beacon.validator.balances](/historical-data/supported-blockchains/evm/beacon-chain/schema-changes)         | Daily snapshot of active validators on Beacon Chain (snapshot of validator state on the last slot daily).                | daily         |
| [beacon.validator.balances\_latest](/historical-data/supported-blockchains/evm/beacon-chain/schema-changes) | Latest snapshot of active validators on Beacon Chain.                                                                    | hourly        |
| beacon.validator.consensus\_income                                                                          | This model combines all validator income data into one table (block\_rewards, sync\_committee\_rewards, total\_rewards)  | hourly        |
| beacon.validator.consensus\_income\_daily                                                                   | Aggregates beacon.validator.consensus\_income by validator daily.                                                        | daily         |
| beacon.validator.entities                                                                                   | Beacon chain entities labels                                                                                             | daily         |
| beacon.validator.income\*                                                                                   | Consensus and execution layer income of active validators on Beacon Chain.                                               | daily         |
| [beacon.validator.index](/historical-data/supported-blockchains/evm/beacon-chain/schema-changes)            | List of validators by index, pubkey, ETH1 withdrawal address.                                                            | hourly        |
| beacon.validator.entry\_queue\_latest                                                                       | Latest validator entry queue, derived from `beacon.validator.balances_latest` and `beacon.raw.pending_deposits`          | \~ 30 minutes |
| beacon.validator.exit\_queue\_latest                                                                        | Latest validator exit queue, derived from `beacon.validator.balances_latest`.                                            | \~ 30 minutes |
| beacon.validator.queue                                                                                      | Daily validator queue metrics, derived from `beacon.validator.balances`.                                                 | daily         |
| beacon.validator.queue\_latest                                                                              | Hourly validator queue latest metrics, derived from `beacon.validator.balances_latest` and `beacon.raw.pending_deposits` | \~ 30 minutes |

\*Execution layer income from this model is derived from `ethereum.raw.block_rewards`. This model is updated hourly.

## Use Cases & Solutions

### Accounting & Financial Reporting

**Granular Validator Income Tracking**: Use `beacon.validator.consensus_income` and `beacon.validator.consensus_income_daily` to track all sources of validator rewards with hourly or daily granularity. There are 3 primary sources of validator rewards:

* `beacon.raw.block_rewards`: Slot-level rewards for blocks that were successfully proposed.
* `beacon.raw.total_rewards`: Epoch-level attestation rewards for active validators.
* `beacon.raw.sync_committee_rewards`: Slot-level rewards for selected validators participating in the sync committee.

Combined view of all 3 sources:

```sql theme={null}
select * from beacon.validator.consensus_income
where validator_index = '649117'
```

**Daily Balance Reconciliation**: Use `beacon.raw.balances_daily_est` or `beacon.raw.balances_daily` to create daily balance statements for each validator in EST or UTC timezone, enabling precise financial period-end reconciliation and stakeholder reporting.

**Withdrawal & Exit Tracking**: Monitor `beacon.raw.withdrawals` to track partial and full validator withdrawals, and cross-reference with `beacon.validator.balances` to reconcile exit timelines and withdrawal amounts.

### Auditing & Compliance

**Slashing Detection & Verification**: Query `beacon.raw.balances_daily_est` to identify slashed validators through status changes, analyze the extent of penalties, and verify compliance with network protocol enforcement.

**Deposit Validation**: Use `beacon.raw.deposits` to audit all ETH staking deposits, verify withdrawal credentials, and ensure compliance with validator onboarding processes.

**Validator State Transitions**: Track validator lifecycle events (`pending_queued` → `active_ongoing` → `exited_unslashed`/`exited_slashed`) through `beacon.raw.balances_daily_est` and epoch markers to audit state integrity.

**Finalization & Data Integrity**: Leverage the `finalized` and `execution_optimistic` flags in `beacon.raw.balances_daily_est` to ensure only finalized data is used for compliance reporting and audit trails.

### Research & Network Analytics

**Validator Performance Analysis**: Query `beacon.validator.income` over time to understand validator performance distribution, identify top performers, and analyze performance trends across different validator cohorts.

E.g., exploring the distribution of consensus income across staking entities:

```sql theme={null}
select
    date_trunc('week', income.slot_timestamp) as week,
    nvl(entity, 'unlabeled') as entity,
    count(distinct entities.validator_index) as validator_count,
    sum(consensus_income) as total_income,
    avg(consensus_income) as avg_income_per_validator
from beacon.validator.income
left join beacon.validator.entities on entities.validator_index = income.validator_index
where consensus_income > 0
group by 1, 2
order by 1 desc, 3 desc
```

**Network Health & Staking Metrics**: Use `beacon.raw.balances_daily` and `beacon.raw.balances_daily_est` to track network-wide staking metrics: total staked ETH, active validator count, stake distribution, and participation rates.

**Queue Analysis**: Monitor validator entry and exit queues through `beacon.validator.queue_latest` and `beacon.validator.entry_queue_latest` to understand network congestion, activation delays, and exit dynamics.

**Consolidation & Protocol Upgrades**: Track validator consolidations post-Pectra upgrade using `beacon.raw.consolidations` to analyze adoption rates and impact on validator distribution.