Transactions

Transactions are cryptographically signed instructions from accounts.

An account will initiate a transaction to update the state of the blockchain network. Transactions always originate from an externally owned account (a smart contract can not initiate a transaction). Transactions, which change the state of the EVM, need to be broadcast to the whole network. Any node can broadcast a request for a transaction to be executed on the EVM; after this happens, a validator will execute the transaction and propagate the resulting state change to the rest of the network.

Learn more in the official Ethereum documentation here.

Several columns may only be applicable for specific EVM-compatible blockchains. The list of columns present in the table is not exhaustive.

Calculating Transaction Fees

For transactions on Base, the total transaction fee consists of two main components:

1. L2 Fee:

   • Total L2 Fee = Base Fee + Priority Fee

     • Note: (receipt_effective_gas_price * receipt_gas_used) / 10^18 ETH combines both base fee and priority fee components

   • Base Fee: (block.base_fee_per_gas * receipt_gas_used) / 10^18 ETH

     • Requires join with blocks table on block_number: see example query.

   • Priority Fee: L2 fee - base fee: receipt_effective_gas_price - (block.base_fee_per_gas * receipt_gas_used) / 10^18 ETH

2. L1 Fee:

   • Given directly by receipt_l1_fee / 10^18 ETH

   • This represents the cost of posting transaction data to Ethereum mainnet

The total transaction fee is the sum of all components: L2 Fee (Base Fee + Priority Fee) + L1 Fee

Example query to calculate all fee components.

Table Columns

Unique Key: hash

Column Name	Description
block_number	The length of the chain, in blocks.
block_timestamp	The time when the block that contains this transaction was included on the blockchain.
block_hash	Unique identifier of the block that includes this transaction.
hash	Unique identifier of a transaction.
nonce	The transaction nonce, unique to the wallet.
transaction_index	The position of this transaction in the block that it belongs to. The first transaction has index 0.
from_address	The address of the sending party of this transaction.
to_address	The address of the receiving party of this transaction (could be a contract address).
value	The amount of ether sent in this transaction, in wei.
gas	The maximum amount of gas allocated for this transaction in wei.
gas_price	Cost per unit of gas specified by the transaction in wei. The higher the gas price, the higher chance of getting included in a block.
input	The data send along with the transaction.
max_fee_per_gas	The maximum fee per gas that the transaction sender is willing to pay for this transaction (introduced in EIP1559).
max_priority_fee_per_gas	The maximum fee per gas the transaction sender is willing to give to validators (Proof of Stake) or miners (Proof of Work) to incentivize them to include their transaction (introduced in EIP1559).
receipt_cumulative_gas_used	The total amount of gas used when this transaction was executed in the block.
receipt_gas_used	The amount of gas consumed by this specific transaction. Used in fee calculations for L2 base fees: (block.base_fee_per_gas * receipt_gas_used) / 10^18. requires join with blocks table: see example query
receipt_l1_gas_used	The amount of L1 gas used by this transaction.
receipt_l1_gas_price	The L1 gas price for this transaction.
receipt_l1_fee	The L1 fee charged for this transaction in wei (divide by 10^18 for ETH). This represents the cost of posting transaction data to L1 and is added to L2 fees to get total transaction fees.
receipt_l1_fee_scalar	The scalar value used to calculate L1 fees.
receipt_effective_gas_price	The actual price paid per unit of gas for this transaction. Used to calculate L2 fees as: (receipt_effective_gas_price * receipt_gas_used) / 10^18. This includes both the base fee and priority fee components. see example query
receipt_contract_address	The contract address created, if the transaction was a contract creation, otherwise null.
receipt_root	Transaction stateroot (pre Byzantium)
receipt_status	Success status of the transaction. Either 1 (success) or 0 (failure).
log_count	Number of event logs emitted in the transaction.
transaction_type	The integer of the transaction type, 0x0 for legacy transactions, 0x1 for access list types, 0x2 for dynamic fees.
source_hash	Hash of the source transaction.
chain_id	The ID of the blockchain network.
_created_at	Timestamp of the entry creation.
_updated_at	Timestamp of the entry update.
mint	Minting information for the transaction.
receipt_l1_base_fee_scalar	The scalar value used to calculate L1 base fees.
receipt_l1_blob_base_fee	The L1 blob base fee for this transaction.
receipt_l1_blob_base_fee_scalar	The scalar value used to calculate L1 blob base fees.
access_list	List of addresses and storage keys that the transaction plans to access.
y_parity	The parity of the y-coordinate of the ECDSA signature.