Overview - Allium Documentation Hub

The Beacon Chain is the consensus layer of Ethereum.

More about Beacon Chain

Beacon Chain Tables

Our Beacon Chain data includes the following schemas and tables:

Schema	Description	Tables
Raw	Raw blockchain data.	attestation_rewards_daily, attestations, attester_slashings, balances, balances_backfill, balances_daily, balances_daily_est, balances_l24h, balances_l6h, balances_latest, block_rewards, blocks, consolidations, deposits, ideal_rewards, pending_consolidations_enriched, pending_deposits, sync_committee_rewards, total_rewards, validator_duties, withdrawals
Metrics	Pre-computed metrics of onchain activity.	overview
Validator	Validator activity data and metrics.	balances, balances_latest, consensus_income, consensus_income_daily, consolidation_queue_latest, entities, entry_queue_latest, exit_queue_latest, income, index, queue, queue_latest

Beacon validator schema migrations are documented under Schema Changes. Also see Glamsterdam ePBS changes.

The Beacon Chain introduced the consensus logic and block gossip protocol which now secures Ethereum. The Beacon Chain introduced proof-of-stake to Ethereum. This keeps Ethereum secure and earns validators more ETH in the process. Finalization on Beacon Chain takes 2 epochs (~12.8 minutes). Our ingestion reads finalized slots and epochs to prevent potential reorgs. A low-latency feed also publishes blocks, pending deposits, pending consolidations, and validator balance snapshots from the chain head, so tables carry finalized and execution_optimistic flags you can filter on.

Use Cases & Solutions

Accounting & Financial Reporting

Granular Validator Income Tracking: Use beacon.validator.consensus_income and beacon.validator.consensus_income_daily to track all sources of validator rewards with hourly or daily granularity. There are 3 primary sources of validator rewards:

beacon.raw.block_rewards: Slot-level rewards for blocks that were successfully proposed.
beacon.raw.total_rewards: Epoch-level attestation rewards for active validators.
beacon.raw.sync_committee_rewards: Slot-level rewards for selected validators participating in the sync committee.

Combined view of all 3 sources:

select * from beacon.validator.consensus_income
where validator_index = 649117

Daily Balance Reconciliation: Use beacon.raw.balances_daily_est or beacon.raw.balances_daily to create daily balance statements for each validator in EST or UTC timezone, enabling precise financial period-end reconciliation and stakeholder reporting. Withdrawal & Exit Tracking: Monitor beacon.raw.withdrawals to track partial and full validator withdrawals, and cross-reference with beacon.raw.balances_daily to reconcile exit timelines and withdrawal amounts.

Auditing & Compliance

Slashing Detection & Verification: Query beacon.raw.balances_daily_est to identify slashed validators through status changes, analyze the extent of penalties, and verify compliance with network protocol enforcement. Deposit Validation: Use beacon.raw.deposits to audit all ETH staking deposits, verify withdrawal credentials, and ensure compliance with validator onboarding processes. Validator State Transitions: Track validator lifecycle events (pending_queued → active_ongoing → exited_unslashed/exited_slashed) through beacon.raw.balances_daily_est and epoch markers to audit state integrity. Finalization & Data Integrity: Leverage the finalized and execution_optimistic flags in beacon.raw.balances_daily_est to ensure only finalized data is used for compliance reporting and audit trails.

Research & Network Analytics

Validator Performance Analysis: Query beacon.validator.income over time to understand validator performance distribution, identify top performers, and analyze performance trends across different validator cohorts. E.g., exploring the distribution of consensus income across staking entities:

select
    date_trunc('week', income.slot_timestamp) as week,
    nvl(entity, 'unlabeled') as entity,
    count(distinct entities.validator_index) as validator_count,
    sum(consensus_income) as total_income,
    avg(consensus_income) as avg_income_per_validator
from beacon.validator.income
left join beacon.validator.entities on entities.validator_index = income.validator_index
where consensus_income > 0
group by 1, 2
order by 1 desc, 3 desc

Network Health & Staking Metrics: Use beacon.raw.balances_daily and beacon.raw.balances_daily_est to track network-wide staking metrics: total staked ETH, active validator count, stake distribution, and participation rates. Queue Analysis: Monitor validator entry, exit, and consolidation queues through beacon.validator.queue_latest, beacon.validator.entry_queue_latest, beacon.validator.exit_queue_latest, and beacon.validator.consolidation_queue_latest to understand network congestion, activation delays, and exit dynamics. Use beacon.validator.queue for the daily history. Consolidation & Protocol Upgrades: Track validator consolidations post-Pectra upgrade using beacon.raw.consolidations to analyze adoption rates and impact on validator distribution.

EVM

​Beacon Chain Tables

​Use Cases & Solutions

​Accounting & Financial Reporting

​Auditing & Compliance

​Research & Network Analytics

Beacon Chain Tables

Use Cases & Solutions

Accounting & Financial Reporting

Auditing & Compliance

Research & Network Analytics