Overview

Schema Deprecation Notice:The following models will be deprecated and removed in a future release:

beacon.validator.balances -> This will be replaced with beacon.raw.balances_daily
beacon.validator.balances_latest -> This will be replaced with beacon.raw.balances_latest
beacon.validator.index -> This will be replaced with beacon.raw.balances_latest

For timelines, column mappings, and migration examples, see Schema Changes.

The Beacon Chain introduced the consensus logic and block gossip protocol which now secures Ethereum. The Beacon Chain introduced proof-of-stake to Ethereum. This keeps Ethereum secure and earns validators more ETH in the process.

More about Beacon Chain

Beacon Chain Models:

Finalization on Beacon Chain takes 2 epoch. We currently fetch finalized slots and epochs to prevent potential reorgs.

Raw Data

Table Name	Description	Freshness
beacon.raw.blocks	Essential block-level data.	hourly
beacon.raw.withdrawals	Validator withdrawals data from Beacon Chain. Includes partial and full withdrawal.	hourly
beacon.raw.deposits	Deposits into the ETH staking, derived from beacon.raw.blocks.	hourly
beacon.raw.attestations	Slot-level Attestation data, derived from beacon.raw.blocks	hourly
beacon.raw.consolidations	Consolidations of validator balances post Pectra upgrade.	hourly
beacon.raw.block_rewards	Slot-level rewards for blocks that were successfully proposed.	hourly
beacon.raw.sync_committee_rewards	Slot-level rewards for selected validators participating in the sync committee.	hourly
beacon.raw.total_rewards	Epoch-level attestation rewards for active validators.	~15 minutes
beacon.raw.ideal_rewards	Epoch-level ideal rewards from attestations for active validators.	~15 minutes
beacon.raw.validator_duties	Validator duties data fetched by epoch.	~15 minutes
beacon.raw.pending_deposits	Beacon-chain pending deposist by epoch.	~15 minutes
beacon.raw.pending_consolidations_enriched	Beacon-chain pending consolidations by epoch, enriched with validator entities.	~15 minutes
beacon.raw.balances_latest	Latest validator balances of all validators on the Beacon Chain.	Every Epoch
beacon.raw.balances_daily_est	Daily validator balances of all validators on the Beacon Chain in EST timezone.	daily
beacon.raw.balances_daily	Daily validator balances of all validators on the Beacon Chain in UTC timezone.	daily

Validator data

Table Name	Description	Freshness
beacon.validator.balances	Daily snapshot of active validators on Beacon Chain (snapshot of validator state on the last slot daily).	daily
beacon.validator.balances_latest	Latest snapshot of active validators on Beacon Chain.	hourly
beacon.validator.consensus_income	This model combines all validator income data into one table (block_rewards, sync_committee_rewards, total_rewards)	hourly
beacon.validator.consensus_income_daily	Aggregates beacon.validator.consensus_income by validator daily.	daily
beacon.validator.entities	Beacon chain entities labels	daily
beacon.validator.income*	Consensus and execution layer income of active validators on Beacon Chain.	daily
beacon.validator.index	List of validators by index, pubkey, ETH1 withdrawal address.	hourly
beacon.validator.entry_queue_latest	Latest validator entry queue, derived from `beacon.validator.balances_latest` and `beacon.raw.pending_deposits`	~ 30 minutes
beacon.validator.exit_queue_latest	Latest validator exit queue, derived from `beacon.validator.balances_latest`.	~ 30 minutes
beacon.validator.queue	Daily validator queue metrics, derived from `beacon.validator.balances`.	daily
beacon.validator.queue_latest	Hourly validator queue latest metrics, derived from `beacon.validator.balances_latest` and `beacon.raw.pending_deposits`	~ 30 minutes

*Execution layer income from this model is derived from ethereum.raw.block_rewards. This model is updated hourly.

Use Cases & Solutions

Accounting & Financial Reporting

Granular Validator Income Tracking: Use beacon.validator.consensus_income and beacon.validator.consensus_income_daily to track all sources of validator rewards with hourly or daily granularity. There are 3 primary sources of validator rewards:

beacon.raw.block_rewards: Slot-level rewards for blocks that were successfully proposed.
beacon.raw.total_rewards: Epoch-level attestation rewards for active validators.
beacon.raw.sync_committee_rewards: Slot-level rewards for selected validators participating in the sync committee.

Combined view of all 3 sources:

select * from beacon.validator.consensus_income
where validator_index = '649117'

Daily Balance Reconciliation: Use beacon.raw.balances_daily_est or beacon.raw.balances_daily to create daily balance statements for each validator in EST or UTC timezone, enabling precise financial period-end reconciliation and stakeholder reporting. Withdrawal & Exit Tracking: Monitor beacon.raw.withdrawals to track partial and full validator withdrawals, and cross-reference with beacon.validator.balances to reconcile exit timelines and withdrawal amounts.

Auditing & Compliance

Slashing Detection & Verification: Query beacon.raw.balances_daily_est to identify slashed validators through status changes, analyze the extent of penalties, and verify compliance with network protocol enforcement. Deposit Validation: Use beacon.raw.deposits to audit all ETH staking deposits, verify withdrawal credentials, and ensure compliance with validator onboarding processes. Validator State Transitions: Track validator lifecycle events (pending_queued → active_ongoing → exited_unslashed/exited_slashed) through beacon.raw.balances_daily_est and epoch markers to audit state integrity. Finalization & Data Integrity: Leverage the finalized and execution_optimistic flags in beacon.raw.balances_daily_est to ensure only finalized data is used for compliance reporting and audit trails.

Research & Network Analytics

Validator Performance Analysis: Query beacon.validator.income over time to understand validator performance distribution, identify top performers, and analyze performance trends across different validator cohorts. E.g., exploring the distribution of consensus income across staking entities:

select
    date_trunc('week', income.slot_timestamp) as week,
    nvl(entity, 'unlabeled') as entity,
    count(distinct entities.validator_index) as validator_count,
    sum(consensus_income) as total_income,
    avg(consensus_income) as avg_income_per_validator
from beacon.validator.income
left join beacon.validator.entities on entities.validator_index = income.validator_index
where consensus_income > 0
group by 1, 2
order by 1 desc, 3 desc

Network Health & Staking Metrics: Use beacon.raw.balances_daily and beacon.raw.balances_daily_est to track network-wide staking metrics: total staked ETH, active validator count, stake distribution, and participation rates. Queue Analysis: Monitor validator entry and exit queues through beacon.validator.queue_latest and beacon.validator.entry_queue_latest to understand network congestion, activation delays, and exit dynamics. Consolidation & Protocol Upgrades: Track validator consolidations post-Pectra upgrade using beacon.raw.consolidations to analyze adoption rates and impact on validator distribution.

Data Verticals

Solana

Hyperliquid

Lighter

Bitcoin Ecosystem

EVM

Cosmos Ecosystem

Move Ecosystem

Other Ecosystems

Overview

Beacon Chain Models:

Raw Data

Validator data

Use Cases & Solutions

Accounting & Financial Reporting

Auditing & Compliance

Research & Network Analytics

​Beacon Chain Models:

​Raw Data

​Validator data

​Use Cases & Solutions

​Accounting & Financial Reporting

​Auditing & Compliance

​Research & Network Analytics

Beacon Chain Models:

Raw Data

Validator data

Use Cases & Solutions

Accounting & Financial Reporting

Auditing & Compliance

Research & Network Analytics