Attestation Rewards

Rewards for attestations for validator on Beacon Chain.

Beacon Chain Attestation Rewards

The majority of a validator's rewards come from making attestations. While assigning committees and slots is randomized, each active validator is guaranteed to make one attestation per epoch.

Validators earn rewards for attestations only when included in Beacon Chain blocks. Each attestation consists of three votes, with rewards based on the following criteria:

• Inclusion of the attestation with the correct source checkpoint within 5 slots

• Inclusion of the attestation with the correct target checkpoint within 32 slots

• Inclusion of the attestation with the correct head block within 1 slot

Attestations | Besu documentation

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Attestation rewards for Beacon chain are split up into two separate tables. Both tables are retrieved from /eth/v1/beacon/rewards/attestations/{epoch} RPC Method.

Table Name	Description
beacon.raw.attestation_rewards_daily	Table that aggregates the total reward metrics for individual validators by day.
beacon.raw.total_rewards	Table containing total reward metrics for individual validators in the specified epoch. This table returns the total number of active, ongoing validators in each Epoch. Note: this table size is large. Expect that query performance to be slow. It increases by about 225 epoch * # active validators ~ 250m+ rows in size daily.
beacon.raw.ideal_rewards	Table containing ideal reward metrics for attestations in the specified epoch. Currently, there (as of Epoch 289619), there are always 32 rows for each epoch, each for effective balance (1 to 32 ETH) of ETH staked.

Attestation Rewards Daily

Daily aggregated of attestation rewards per validator. There is one validator entry per day. The rewards data are aggregated from beacon.raw.total_rewards daily.

Column Name	Description	Example
Date	Date	288389
validator Index	Validator Index	1296908
min_epoch	The lowest Epoch number that the validator started attesting	287663
max_epoch	The largest Epoch number that the validator started attesting	287887
epoch_count	Number of unique epochs that the validator participated in for attestation within the day.	225
head	The sum reward for attesting to the head block for the specified validator	534132
target	The sum reward for attesting to the target block for the specified validator	1034226
source	The sum reward for attesting to the source block for the specified validator	552116
inclusion_delay	(Optional) The sum reward for including the attestation in a block with a specific delay for the specified validator	0
inactivity	(Optional) The inactivity penalty for the total reward calculation for the specified validator	0
total_rewards	The sum of rewards across head, target, source, inclusion_delay and inactivity.	2120474

Total Rewards

Query Sample

Finding the total rewards for specific Epoch

select 
    epoch, 
    count(distinct validator_index) as validators, 
    sum(head) as sum_head,
    sum(target) as sum_target,
    sum(source) as sum_source,
    sum(inactivity) as sum_inactvity,
    sum_head + sum_target + sum_source + sum_inactvity as epoch_attestation_reward
from beacon.raw.total_rewards
where epoch = 289610
group by all 

Total Reward Columns

beacon.raw.total_rewards contains the reward metrics for individual validators in the specified epoch.

Column Name	Description	Example
epoch	Epoch number	288389
epoch_timestamp	Epoch Timestamp	2024-06-05 05:29:59
execution_optimistic	A boolean indicating whether the execution of rewards for the specified epoch is done optimistically or not	FALSE
validator Index	Validator Index	1296908
head	The reward for attesting to the head block for the specified validator	2442
target	The reward for attesting to the target block for the specified validator	4604
source	The reward for attesting to the source block for the specified validator	2477
inclusion_delay	(Optional) The reward for including the attestation in a block with a specific delay for the specified validator
inactivity	(Optional) The inactivity penalty for the total reward calculation for the specified validator	0

Ideal Reward Columns

Table containing ideal reward metrics for attestations in the specified epoch.

Column Name	Description	Example
epoch	Epoch number	5
epoch_timestamp	Epoch Timestamp	2020-12-01 12:01:23
execution_optimistic	A boolean indicating whether the execution of rewards for the specified epoch is done optimistically or not	FALSE
effective_balance	The effective balance for the ideal reward calculation	18,000,000,000.00
head	The reward for attesting to the head block	9287
target	The reward for attesting to the target block	9621
source	The reward for attesting to the source block	9622
inclusion_delay	(Optional) The reward for including the attestation in a block with a specific delay	9707
inactivity	(Optional) The inactivity penalty for the ideal reward calculation	0