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The beacon.raw.balances_daily_est table provides daily validator balances of all validators on the Beacon Chain in EST timezone. Each row represents a validator’s balance at the end of a day in EST timezone (23:59:59 EST). It includes validator balance states, effective balance, and validator status information for each validator on a daily basis.

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Use Cases: Auditing, Accounting & Research

This table is a powerful tool for blockchain auditing, financial accounting, and validator ecosystem research: Auditing & Compliance: Track validator balance changes over time to identify anomalies, validate state transitions, and audit slashing events. Verify withdrawal activities through withdrawal_address and withdrawable_epoch fields to ensure compliance with validator operations. Monitor the finalized and execution_optimistic flags to understand data certainty and validity at specific points in time. Accounting & Financial Analysis: Calculate daily balance snapshots for precise accounting records with EST timezone standardization. Analyze reward accrual through balance deltas between consecutive days, and track effective balance changes to understand stake-weighted reward distributions. Reconcile deposits, withdrawals, and slashing penalties across accounting periods. Research & Network Analytics: Study validator lifecycle events by examining status transitions and epoch markers (activation_epoch, exit_epoch, withdrawable_epoch). Analyze network health metrics like total staked ETH, validator composition, and slashing frequency. Investigate validator performance patterns, exit trends, and the distribution of stake across different validator cohorts and withdrawal credential types.

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Table Columns

Clustering Key: to_date("slot_timestamp_est") Search Optimization: validator_index Unique Key: unique_id
Column NameDescription
slot_numberBeacon Chain slot number.
slot_timestampBeacon Chain slot timestamp.
slot_timestamp_estBeacon Chain slot timestamp converted to Eastern Standard Time (EST).
validator_indexThe index of validator in validator registry.
raw_balanceRaw balance of the validator in Gwei.
balanceBalance of the validator in ETH.
effective_balanceThe balance at stake in ETH. Effective balance is derived from the validator’s actual balance and prior effective balance, and is used to calculate the size of rewards and penalties.
raw_effective_balanceThe balance at stake in Gwei. Effective balance is derived from the validator’s actual balance and prior effective balance, and is used to calculate the size of rewards and penalties.
statusValidator status (e.g., active_ongoing, withdrawal_done, exited_unslashed, exited_slashed, pending_queued, pending_initialized).
pubkeyThe validator’s BLS public key, uniquely identifying them. 48-bytes, hex encoded with 0x prefix, case insensitive.
withdrawal_credentialsA 32-byte field associated with every validator, initially set during deposit, for verifying the destination of valid withdrawals.
withdrawal_prefixThe BLS credentials (Type 0, or 0x00) or execution (Ethereum address) credentials (Type 1, or 0x01).
withdrawal_addressWithdrawal address of the validator.
slashedBoolean indicating if the validator has been slashed.
activation_eligibility_epochThe epoch when the validator became eligible for activation.
activation_epochThe epoch when the validator was activated.
exit_epochThe epoch when the validator exited or will exit.
withdrawable_epochThe epoch when the validator’s balance became withdrawable.
execution_optimisticA boolean indicating whether the execution is done optimistically. If true, the response references an unverified execution payload that may be invalidated later.
finalizedA boolean indicating whether the data has been finalized.
unique_idUnique ID constructed with date, validator_index and other identifying fields.
_created_atTimestamp of when the balance data was created in the database.
_updated_atTimestamp of when the balance data was last updated in the database.

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Sample Queries

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Query 1: Total Validators, Total Balance, Total Effective Balance by Day

select 
    date(slot_timestamp_est) as date, 
    status, 
    count(1) as validators,
    sum(balance) as total_balance, 
    sum(effective_balance) as total_effective_balance
from beacon.raw.balances_daily_est
group by all
order by 1 desc

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Query 2: Querying balances of a set of validators by their unique index

select 
*
from beacon.raw.balances_daily_est
where validator_index in (1, 1000, 145) 
order by 1 desc