Transactions

Transactions are cryptographically signed instructions from accounts. An account will initiate a transaction to update the state of the Polygon network. Transactions always originate from an externally owned account (a smart contract can not initiate a transaction).

Transactions, which change the state of the EVM, need to be broadcast to the whole network. Any node can broadcast a request for a transaction to be executed on the EVM; after this happens, a validator will execute the transaction and propagate the resulting state change to the rest of the network.

Sample Query

Querying the latest transactions.

select *
  from polygon.raw.transactions
order by block_number desc 
limit 1

Table Columns

The example used is a swap from WETH to USDC on Polygon (Polygonscan).

Column Name	Description	Example
hash	Unique identifier of a transaction.	0x7404daf9b54e6e0bdc0c26732bd6dfc604c03f20453be2066273760a175ebcb2
nonce	The transaction nonce, unique to the wallet	2,988
transaction_index	The position of this transaction in the block that it belongs to. The first transaction has index 0.	52
from_address	The address of the sending party of this transaction.	0xd779f77e5a895f8d2bb690c4ae389d8427ac6985
to_address	The address of the receiving party of this transaction (could be a contract address).	0x0bc82b2e1b7219431f7d25b3aa0d097bdeb84955
value	The amount of ether sent in this transaction, in wei.	0
gas	The maximum amount of gas allocated for this transaction in wei.	3,000,000
gas_price	Cost per unit of gas specified by the transaction in wei. The higher the gas price, the higher chance of getting included in a block.	416,900,000,000
input	The data send along with the transaction.	<truncated> 0x39aca1c10000000000000000000000001111111254fb6c44ba00
receipt_cumulative_gas_used	The total amount of gas used when this transaction was executed in the block.	8,716,763
receipt_gas_used	Gas consumed by the transaction in wei.	224,188
receipt_contract_address	The contract address created, if the transaction was a contract creation, otherwise null.
receipt_root	Transaction stateroot (pre Byzantium)
receipt_status	Success status of the transaction. Either 1 (success) or 0 (failure).	1
block_timestamp	The time when the block that contains this transaction was included on the blockchain.	2023-06-23 15:58:02
block_number	The length of the chain, in blocks.	44,250,049
block_hash	Unique identifier of the block that includes this transaction.	0xd53db0d13bb2df72fad8350a1a04cc53ea83f62b3a42af682ff07cbcce7f1bae
receipt_effective_gas_price	The sum of the base fee and tip paid per unit of gas.	416,900,000,000
max_fee_per_gas	The maximum fee per gas that the transaction sender is willing to pay for this transaction (introduced in EIP1559)
max_priority_fee_per_gas	The maximum fee per gas the transaction sender is willing to give to validators (Proof of Stake) or miners (Proof of Work) to incentivize them to include their transaction (introduced in EIP1559)
transaction_type	The integer of the transaction type, 0 for legacy transactions, 1 for access list types, 2 for dynamic fees.

Other Advanced Fields

• input

  • The binary data that forms the input to the transaction. For example, contract function call information is recorded here.

• transaction_type

• receipt_root